Antibody assays

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Original Article
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The research focuses on the changes in serum SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM/IgG antibody levels in asymptomatic and reoccurring positive nucleic acid test (RPNAT) group patients. The IgM levels of the RPNAT group at the time of discharge were higher than those Non-RPNAT group. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG increased levels correlated with the positive conversion of RT-PCR retests
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 		32808808
(Ann Med)
PMID
32808808
Date of Publishing: 2021 Dec
Title Changes in serum virus specific IgM/IgG antibody in asymptomatic and discharged patients with reoccuring positive COVID-19 nucleic acid test
Author(s) nameLiu J, Lian R et al.
Journal Ann Med
Impact factor
3.01
Citation count: 11

A compariosn of three serological tests that detect antibody levels of IgG, Ig and IgA show high assasy specificity and sensitivity without any indication of cross-reaction. Hepatitis and autoimmune samples were the main sources of limited cross reactions
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 		32710669
(J Med Virol)
PMID
32710669
Date of Publishing: 2021 Feb
Title Validation and performance comparision of three SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays
Author(s) namePaiva KJ, Grisson RD et al.
Journal J Med Virol
Impact factor
2.07
Citation count: 21

A lateral flow assay that detects IgG and IgM antibody concentration against spike protein in two different cartridges with just maximum specificity Hepatitis and autoimmune samples were the main sources of limited cross reactions
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 		32710669
(J Med Virol)
PMID
32710669
Date of Publishing: 2021 Feb
Title Validation and performance comparision of three SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays
Author(s) namePaiva KJ, Grisson RD et al.
Journal J Med Virol
Impact factor
2.07
Citation count: 21

A chemiluminescent assay that detects IgG antibodies against nucleocapsid gene with utmost specificity Hepatitis and autoimmune samples were the main sources of limited cross reactions
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 		32710669
(J Med Virol)
PMID
32710669
Date of Publishing: 2021 Feb
Title Validation and performance comparision of three SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays
Author(s) namePaiva KJ, Grisson RD et al.
Journal J Med Virol
Impact factor
2.07
Citation count: 21

Detection of SARS CoV-2 IgM, and IgA antibodies from Sera samples using Luminex bead-based assay by targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens. The neutralizing and binding IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody levels were higher for severe than mild cases in the early convalescent phase (<6 weeks). 1/300 serum dilution showed the best signal to noise ratio for IgG and IgM and 1/150 for IgA
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 		33227340
(J Virol Methods)
PMID
33227340
Date of Publishing: 2021 Feb
Title Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins as targets for antibody detection in severe and mild COVID-19 cases using a Luminex bead-based assay
Author(s) nameMariën J, Ceulemans A et al.
Journal J Virol Methods
Impact factor
1.76
Citation count: 41

Reporting an optimized protocol serum-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples. The assay gave a sensitivity of 84.2% and a specificity of 100% in a general symptomatic population. Among two test kits tested, Gold Standard Diagnostics (GSD) and EuroImmun (EI), EI IgG and IgA kits were 90 and 86 percent sensitive, respectively, and GSD IgG and IgA kits were 69 and 15 percent sensitive, respectively, based on cutoff values for serum supplied by the manufacturers. So, the EI IgG kit was selected for saliva sample optimization experiments.
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 		33257702
(Sci Rep)
PMID
33257702
Date of Publishing: 2020 Nov 30
Title ELISA detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in saliva
Author(s) nameMacMullan MA, Ibrayeva A et al.
Journal Sci Rep
Impact factor
4.12
Citation count: 29

Reporting SARS-CoV-2 IgG-IgM combined antibody test kit, which is based on lateral flow immune assay, used for the rapid detection of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay result is qualitative. Red/pink test line in the M and G region of test kit indicates positive result. And if red color appears in control line, the sample is negative.
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 		32104917
(J Med Virol)
PMID
32104917
Date of Publishing: 2020 Sep
Title Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis
Author(s) nameLi Z, Yi Y et al.
Journal J Med Virol
Impact factor
2.07
Citation count: 712

Reporting an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol to detect IgA antibody against SARS-CoV-2 rNPs from plasma samples collected at different time points after post-onset of COVID-19 symptom. IgA antibody was detected 5 (IQR, 3-6) days after symptom onset.
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 		32198501
(Clin Infect Dis)
PMID
32198501
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul 28
Title Profiling early humoral response to diagnose novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
Author(s) nameGuo L, Ren L et al.
Journal Clin Infect Dis
Impact factor
7.71
Citation count: 711

Reporting an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol to detect IgM antibody against SARS-CoV-2 rNPs from plasma samples collected at different time points after post-onset of COVID-19 symptom. IgM antibody was detected 5 (IQR, 3-6) days after symptom onset. IgM antibody detection along with qPCR results gives a better result comparitively.
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 		32198501
(Clin Infect Dis)
PMID
32198501
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul 28
Title Profiling early humoral response to diagnose novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
Author(s) nameGuo L, Ren L et al.
Journal Clin Infect Dis
Impact factor
7.71
Citation count: 711

Reporting an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol to detect IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 rNPs from plasma samples collected at different time points after post-onset of COVID-19 symptom. IgG antibody was detected 14 (IQR, 10-18) days after symptom onset.
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 		32198501
(Clin Infect Dis)
PMID
32198501
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul 28
Title Profiling early humoral response to diagnose novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
Author(s) nameGuo L, Ren L et al.
Journal Clin Infect Dis
Impact factor
7.71
Citation count: 711

IgM ELISA test showed better sensitivity than a qPCR-based method alone. The positive detection rate increased when combined with the PCR method. Thus, IgM ELISA resulted better for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.
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 		32198501
(Clin Infect Dis)
PMID
32198501
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul 28
Title Profiling early humoral response to diagnose novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
Author(s) nameGuo L, Ren L et al.
Journal Clin Infect Dis
Impact factor
7.71
Citation count: 711

Development of an ELISA assay suggests that antibodies mounted upon infection of SARS-Cov-2 target full length spike protein and its receptor-binding domain(RBD). Also a high correlation between microneutraliazation assay and ELISA indicated minimal antigenic changes. This ELISA method will be very useful for serosurveys aimed at determining the real attack rate and infection fatality rate in different human populations, and to map the kinetics of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2
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 		32398876
(Nat Med)
PMID
32398876
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul
Title A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans
Author(s) nameAmanat F, Stadlbauer D et al.
Journal Nat Med
Impact factor
22.66
Citation count: 874

In this study, a clinically useful timeline of two diagnostic tests, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is reported, by using data from several published reports for detection of COVID-19. The study revealed that the nucleocapsid and RBD-S antigens showed a high sensitivity for detecting the infection. The serological assay performed two weeks later of symptoms onset had more diagnostic accuracy. Cross reactivity of the antibodies might occur.
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 		32374370
(JAMA)
PMID
32374370
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jun 9
Title Interpreting diagnostic tests for SARS CoV-2
Author(s) name Sethuraman N, Jeremiah SS, Ryo A.
Journal JAMA
Impact factor
14.78
Citation count: 649